Effect of corrosion rate and hardness of titanium in Kokubo’s simulated body fluid for orthodontic applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71452/38n0c342Keywords:
biocompatibility, corrosion, Kokubo SBF, titanium, weight loss methodAbstract
Titanium and its alloys are widely recognized as preferred materials for dental implants, particularly in orthodontic applications, owing to their superior corrosion resistance and mechanical performance compared with stainless steel. However, certain limitations remain. In acidic environments, titanium’s corrosion resistance tends to decline. This issue is of particular relevance in West Sumatra, where local dietary habits include frequent consumption of acidic and high-fat foods such as rendang, gulai and various fried dishes. Hence, it is important to evaluate the corrosion behavior of titanium and its alloys under acidic conditions. In this study, four titanium-based materials were investigated: Ti-12 Cr, TNTZ-ST, Ti-64 ELI (Extra Low Interstitial), and Commercially Pure Titanium (CpTi). Immersion tests were performed in Kokubo’s Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) at pH 5.0 for four exposure periods (1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks). The corrosion rate was determined using the weight loss method. Results revealed that CpTi exhibited the highest corrosion rate (0.0985 mm/y) after 4 weeks, while Ti-12 Cr demonstrated the lowest (0.0515 mm/y). Regarding hardness, CpTi reached the highest value (365 HVN at 1 week), whereas Ti-12 Cr recorded the lowest (130 HVN).
References
ASM International, ASM Handbook. Fundamentals of Medical Implant Materials: Materials for Medical Devices, vol. 23, Materials Park, OH, USA: ASM International, 2022, pp. 303–325.
R. Moyers, The Corrosion of Orthodontic Wire, 4th ed., Washington, DC, USA: Library of Congress in Publication Data, 2018, pp. 87–97.
S. Nakagawa, T. Matsuya, T. Shiraishi, and M. Ohta, “Effect of fluoride concentration and pH on corrosion behavior of titanium for dental use,” J. Dent. Res., vol. 78, pp. 1568–1572, 2023.
C. Domínguez-Trujillo, F. Ternero, J. A. Rodríguez-Ortiz, S. Heise, A. R. Boccaccini, J. Lebrato, et al., “Bioactive coatings on porous titanium for biomedical applications,” Surf. Coatings Technol., vol. 349, pp. 584–592, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.06.037
S. Gnanavel, S. Ponnusamy, L. Mohan, and C. Muthamizhchelvan, “In vitro corrosion behaviour of Ti–6Al–4V and 316L stainless steel alloys for biomedical implant applications,” J. Bio-Tribo-Corros., vol. 4, pp. 4–11, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s40735-017-0118-8
B. Priyadarshini, M. Rama, Chetan, and U. Vijayalakshmi, “Bioactive coating as a surface modification technique for biocompatible metallic implants: A review,” J. Asian Ceram. Soc., vol. 7, pp. 397–406, 2019, doi: 10.1080/21870764.2019.1669861
W. S. W. Harun, R. I. M. Asri, A. B. Sulong, S. A. C. Ghani, and Z. Ghazalli, “Hydroxyapatite-based coating on biomedical implant,” Hydroxyapatite – Adv. Compos. Nanomater. Biomed. Appl. Its Technol. Facet., 2018, doi: 10.5772/intechopen.71063
A. Jemat, M. J. Ghazali, M. Razali, Y. Otsuka, and A. Rajabi, “Effects of TiO₂ on microstructural, mechanical properties and in-vitro bioactivity of plasma sprayed yttria stabilised zirconia coatings for dental application,” Ceram. Int., vol. 44, pp. 4271–4281, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.12.008 .
M. Pietrzyńska and A. Voelkel, “Stability of simulated body fluids such as blood plasma, artificial urine and artificial saliva,” Microchem. J., vol. 134, pp. 197–201, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.06.004.
E. Győri, I. Fábián, and I. Lázár, “Effect of the chemical composition of simulated body fluids on aerogel-based bioactive composites,” J. Compos. Sci., vol. 1, no. 2, p. 15, 2017, doi: 10.3390/jcs1020015.
ASTM International, ASTM G31-72 Handbook. Standard Specification for Wrought 18Chromium-14Nickel-2.5Molybdenum Stainless Steel Bar and Wire for Surgical Implants (UNS S31673), vol. 3, Materials Park, OH, USA: ASTM International, 2021, pp. 103–115.
Gunawarman, J. Affi, A. Sutanto, D. M. Putri, D. Juliadmi, N. F. Nuswantoro, et al., “Adhesion strength of hydroxyapatite coating on titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) for biomedical application,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 1062, 2021, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/1062/1/012031.
S. Gnanavel, S. Ponnusamy, and L. Mohan, “Biocompatible response of hydroxyapatite coated on near-β titanium alloys by E-beam evaporation method,” Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol., vol. 15, pp. 364–369, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.07.014.
Downloads
Published
Conference Proceedings Volume
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Sanny Ardhy Sanny, Islahuddin Islahuddin, Meiki Eru Putra Meiki, Muhammad Riza Ardiyanto riza (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Proceeding SNTTM by BKS-TM Indonesia is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
