Experimental study of green hydrogen production applied to gasoline engines with brake load capacity 0,25 kg/cm^2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71452/mq361b29Keywords:
green hydrogen, internal combustion engines, alkaline electrolyzer, engine performance, energy transitionAbstract
Various countries are accelerating their energy transitions due to rising greenhouse gas emissions driving global climate change. The COP26 Conference set targets to limit global temperature rise to below 1.5 °C by 2030 and achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. Hydrogen is considered a promising alternative fuel because it produces only water vapor emissions and reduces dependence on fossil fuels. This study aims to analyze the effect of hydrogen gas, produced through electrolysis, mixed with Pertalite fuel on the performance of an internal combustion engine. The electrolysis process employed an Alkaline Electrolyzer Cell of the wet cell type, using a 30%wt NaOH electrolyte, a 12V power supply, and current variations of 40 A and 50 A. Engine performance parameters were evaluated under a brake load of 0.25 kg/cm². The results showed that at 40 A, the highest HHO gas production rate reached 0.9 Lpm, resulting in a 15.3% increase in effective shaft power, 5.7% thermal efficiency, 6.7% volumetric efficiency, 1.1% AFR, and a 29.06% reduction in BSEC. At 50 A, HHO gas production also reached 0.9 Lpm, with improvements of 18.3% in effective shaft power, 8.6% thermal efficiency, 10.8% volumetric efficiency, 2.84% AFR, and a 40.7% reduction in BSEC. These findings confirm that hydrogen blending enhances engine performance while supporting emission reduction.
References
F. Pierre et al., “Global Carbon Budget 2023,” Earth Syst Sci Data, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1791–1805, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/13/1791/2021/
M. Filonchyk, M. P. Peterson, L. Zhang, V. Hurynovich, and Y. He, “Greenhouse gases emissions and global climate change: Examining the influence of CO2, CH4, and N2O,” Science of the Total Environment, vol. 935, no. May, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173359.
M. Redlin and T. Gries, “Anthropogenic climate change: the impact of the global carbon budget,” Theor Appl Climatol, vol. 146, no. 1–2, pp. 713–721, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s00704-021-03764-0.
M. Al-Akraa, Y. M. Asal, and A. M. Mohammad, “Surface Engineering Of Pt Surfaces With Au And Cobalt Oxide Nanostructures For Enhanced Formic Acid Electro-Oxidation,” Arabian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 15, no. 8, p. 103965, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103965.
W. Sari, A. Martin, and M. Habibillah, “Design of Wet Cell Type Hydrogen Electrolyzer Using Distilled Water As Raw Material,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics, no. October, pp. 17–21, 2024, doi: 10.1109/IConEEI64414.2024.10748096.
N. Sazali, “Emerging Technologies By Hydrogen: A Review,” Int J Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 38, pp. 18753–18771, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.05.021.
M. U. S. Akhtar, F. Asfand, M. I. Khan, R. Mishra, and A. D. Ball, “Performance And Emissions Characteristics of Hdrogen-Diesel Dual-Fuel Combustion for Heavy-Duty Engines,” Int J Hydrogen Energy, pp. 1–14, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.01.246.
S. Shiva Kumar and H. Lim, “An Overview Of Water Electrolysis Technologies For Green Hydrogen Production,” Energy Reports, vol. 8, pp. 13793–13813, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2022.10.127.
L. H. & I. I. Mai Fajar Fajri, “Produksi Gas Hidrogen Mengunakan Metode Elektrolisis Fotovoltaik ( Pv ),” p. 889, 2022.
M. T. Islam and A. Ali, “Sustainable Green Energy Transition In Saudi Arabia: Characterizing Policy Framework, Interrelations And Future Research Directions,” Next Energy, vol. 5, no. April, p. 100161, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100161.
F. Gambou, D. Guilbert, M. Zasadzinski, and H. Rafaralahy, “A Comprehensive Survey of Alkaline Electrolyzer Modeling: Electrical Domain and Specific Electrolyte Conductivity,” Energies (Basel), vol. 15, no. 9, 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15093452.
C. P. García, S. Orjuela Abril, and J. P. León, “Analysis Of Performance, Emissions, And Lubrication In Spark-Ignition Engine Fueled With Hydrogen Gas Mixtures,” Heliyon, vol. 8, no. 11, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11353.
A. Martin, “SINERGI Universitas Mercu Buana p-ISSN: 1410-2331; e-ISSN: 2460-1217 http://publikasi.mercubuana.ac.id/index.php/sinergi,” no. August, p. 2460, 2021.
H. N. Farneze, S. S. M. Tavares, J. M. Pardal, R. F. do Nascimento, and H. F. G. de Abreu, “Degradation of mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of AISI 317L steel exposed at 550 °C,” Eng Fail Anal, vol. 61, pp. 69–76, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2015.08.044.
M. S. Gad, A. S. El-Shafay, Ü. Ağbulut, and H. Panchal, “Impact Of Produced Oxyhydrogen Gas (HHO) From Dry Cell Electrolyzer On Spark Ignition Engine Characteristics,” Int J Hydrogen Energy, vol. 49, pp. 553–563, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.08.210.
W. M. Adaileh and K. S. AlQdah, “Performance Improvement And Emission Reduction Of Gasoline Engine By Adding Hydrogen Gas Into The Intake Manifold,” Mater Today Proc, vol. 60, pp. 1769–1778, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.12.314.
Harsanto, “Motor Bakar,” 1984.
Downloads
Published
Conference Proceedings Volume
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Suci Rahmadhani Irawan, Ahmad Ilham Wicaksono, Awaludin Martin (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Proceeding SNTTM by BKS-TM Indonesia is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
